Make Argument Clinic aware of possible UBSan failures

[picnixz]

Feature or enhancement

A huge part of the CPython code base uses Argument Clinic for generating methods for classes or standalone functions. Generally, methods are then used as follows:

static PyMethodDef foo_methods[] = {
    _FOOMODULE_FOO_BAR_METHODDEF
    {NULL, NULL}
};

where each <MODULE>_<CLASS>_<METHOD>_METHODDEF is something like

PyDoc_STRVAR(_foomodule_Foo_bar__doc__,
"bar($self, /)\n"
"--\n"
"\n");

#define _FOOMODULE_FOO_BAR_METHODDEF 		\
    {										\
        "bar", 								\
        (PyCFunction)_foomodule_Foo_bar, 	\
        METH_NOARGS, 						\
        _foomodule_Foo_bar__doc__           \
    },

We also have

// @file Modules/foomodule.c

/*[clinic input]
_foomodule.Foo.bar

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
_foomodule_Foo_bar_impl(FooObject *self)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=... input=...]*/
{
	Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

// @file Modules/clinic/foomodule.c.h

static PyObject *
_foomodule_Foo_bar_impl(FooObject *self);

static PyObject *
_foomodule_Foo_bar(FooObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    return _foomodule_Foo_bar_impl(self);
}

Now, in order to fix #111178, we generally convert non-AC clinic methods by changing FooObject * to PyObject * and doing a pointer cast in the function body. See #111178 for a wider discussion. The issue is that we cannot easily do the same for AC-generated code since the prototype is part of the auto-generated block.

We can do it if we specify self: self(type="PyObject *") instead of not specifying self in the AC input, but this is an overkill. Instead, AC should always generate two functions: an implementation function which takes a typed object (i.e., FooObject) and a public dispatcher which takes a PyObject *self and possibly unused arguments. Stated otherwise:

static PyObject *
-_foomodule_Foo_bar(FooObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+_foomodule_Foo_bar(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
-    return _foomodule_Foo_bar_impl(self);
+    return _foomodule_Foo_bar_impl((FooObject *)self);
}

I decided to open a separate issue to track this change orthogonally to the UBSan failures fixes that can be achieved without any AC changes. I hope that this will not deterioriate the performances of CPython too much.